In this function the relative topic is similar to a word such as. The noun that is modified is called the antecedent. The woman who he is thinking about is his girlfriend. Relative clauses function as subordinate or dependent clauses and therefore cannot stand alone as complete sentences. Relative clauses 2 extra information intermediate b1b2 this worksheet presents the two types of relative clauses used in english relative clauses that give necessary information and relative clauses that provide extra information. In spanish as in english, these relative clauses are not written between commas. Relative clauses in advanced english are clauses that begin with the following relative. English grammar defining relative clause definition. Relative pronouns relative pronouns are the words that introduce relative clauses. Because i am a merciful teacher,i added a small tip about relative clauses just before the quiz.
Relative clauses normally begin with who, whom, whose, or that. You also cannot leave out the relative pronoun in nondefining relative clauses, in the way you sometimes can in. My science teacher is a person whom i like very much. A relative or adjective clause modifies a noun or pronoun and is introduced by a relative pronoun who, whom, whose, which, or that or occasionally a relative. The most important unit of grammatical organization in linguistics is the sentence. A dog that eats too much pizza will soon develop pepperoni breath. Adjectival clauses a familiar type is the relative clause, introduced by a relative pronoun who, whom, whose, that, which, as in these examples. Relative clauses are a way of giving more information about a person, thing, place, event, etc. A defining relative clause also called identifying relative clauses or restrictive relative clauses gives essential information about the noun or noun phrase it modifies, the purpose of a defining relative clause is. In this video you will learn how to use relative clauses and relative pronouns, who, whom, that, which, whose as the subject or object of sentences. To make a distinction between an antecedent that is a human who m and an antecedent which is a nonhuman which. Relative clauses practice relative pronouns exercise 1 2 3 who vs which exercise 1 2 3 which or where exercise drag and drop exercises. We use relative clauses to make clear which person or thing we are talking about. Tenses printable pdf worksheets for english language learners intermediate level b1 english practice downloadable pdf grammar and vocabulary worksheets.
Defining relative clauses these describe the preceding noun in such a way as to distinguish it from other nouns of the same class. Finally, be sure the head noun has a verb after the adjective clause. Relative pronouns are used to join two or more clauses and in doing so, form what are known as relative clauses. The relative pronouns which and that can replace the pronoun it. The information may be quite interesting and important to the larger conversation, but it is not essential for precise identification of the noun. We use relative clauses to give additional information about something without starting another sentence. An adjective clause and relative clause are the same. Relative clauses worksheets english worksheets land. Heres a list of all the relative clause exercises on the site. It is sometimes called an adjective clause because it functions like an adjectiveit gives more information about a noun. Understanding relative clauses a relative or adjective clause modifies a noun or pronoun and is introduced by a relative pronoun who, whom, whose, which, or that or occasionally a relative adverb usually when, where, or why.
Relative clauses b1 rc005 relative clauses combine the two sentences. There is a relative pronoun whom, which can be used as the object of the relative clause. To many people the word whom now sounds oldfashioned, and it is rarely used in spoken english. Defining relative clauses 1 in pdf here defining relative clauses 2 in pdf here defining relative clauses 3 in pdf here defining relative clauses 4 in pdf here go to the main relative clauses explanation page here. If you remove a defining relative clause from the sentence, the meaning is changed or becomes unclear. Relative clauses learnenglish teens british council. Esl english relative clauses quiz 5 mixed relative. I have a friend who spent a year at a british university. As the name suggests, a ndrc is a clause that provides supplementary information not defining information. If it is the object, you just need to follow the object with the relative clause. An explanation of how to use the relative pronouns where, when, and whose. Defining and nondefining relative clauses relative clauses with prepositions gap fill text short text on a historic english castle with gaps for relative pronouns and. I, he, she, we and etc we use who to ask which person does an action or which person is a certain way. The english relative clause machine translation archive.
English grammar learn how to use relative clauses in. In defining relative clauses, the pronouns who, whom, and which are often replaced by that in spoken english. The relative clause will follow one of these two patterns. That cannot be used as a relative pronoun in a nonrestrictive relative clause. Relative pronouns relative pronouns introduce relative clauses. Intermediate english grammar course relative clauses. Advanced choose the correct response to complete each relative clauses. You can do the exercises online or download the worksheet as pdf. Defining and nondefining relative clauses english grammar. Relative clauses are nonessential parts of a sentence.
We can leave out the pronoun if it is the object of. Anaphoric elements in relative clauses relative clauses are so called because they are related by their form to an antecedent. Second in importance is the clause and the best way to think about clauses is as part of a sentence. Put the relative pronoun in brackets if you can leave it out. Relative pronouns adjective clauses whose vs of which vs of whom subject exercises. Relative clauses in english exercises advanced level esl. Relative clauses defining and nondefining test english. While providing brief information about a noun, nonrestrictive relative clauses are not used. They specify a noun or pronoun in the main clause and are necessary if we want to understand the. Note that some of them also function as interrogative pronouns. The worksheet is suitable for both classroom practice and selfstudy.
A clause of this kind is essential to clear understanding of the noun. A relative clause is essential when you need the information it provides. Relative clauses b1 pdf worksheets english practice. They can act as the subject or the object of the relative clause. This free online english language course will teach you about the relative clauses, which are basically nonessential parts of a sentence. The relative pronoun can define the subject or the object of the verb. Relative clauses and contact clauses englischtipps. A collection of english esl relative clauses, advanced c1 worksheets for home learning, online practice, distance learning and english classes to teach abo. In writing, we use commas around nondefining relative clauses. In nondefining relative clauses, you cannot replace other pronouns with that. This type of relative clause merely provides extra information. The pronoun can never be omitted in a nondefining relative clause.
Clauses english grammar today cambridge dictionary. Relative clauses definition and examples in english. They function rather like adjectives, and are found as postmodifiers in a noun phrase. First, lets consider when the relative pronoun is the subject of a defining relative clause.
The relative clause in the first sentence in called a defining clause as it defines, it tells us exactly which person or thing we are talking about. It was my exgirlfriend, who was from venezuela, that sold my car. A relative clause will begin with a relative pronoun such as who, whom, whose, which, or that or a relative adverb when, where, or why. Tenses printable pdf worksheets for english language learners intermediate level b1. Relative clauses relative clauses referring to a whole sentence relative clauses. Using who, whom, whose and example sentences in english table of contents using who in englishusing whom in englishusing whose in english using who in english who is used for people. They may add meaning to the sentence, but if removed, the sentence will still function grammatically. Relative pronouns and relative clauses learnenglish. The relative clause in the second sentence is called a nondefining clause as it only gives us extra, noncrucial information. There are two broad types of relative clauses in english. I have a friend that spent a year at a british university.
The plan that he is thinking about will take a lot of work. A clause of this kind is essential to the clear understanding of the noun. Relative clauses are used to describe the noun naming the process or position when discussing tasks that need to be completed, or explaining how certain things work. Grammatik relative clauses and contact clauses 3 exercise 4 fill in the correct relative pronoun who, which or whose. A relative clause starts with the relative pronoun at the start of the clause like who, which, whose etc. In the grammar chart below, you can see the main differences between them. Relative pronouns and clauses in english grammar exercises. Etheridge, who is english born with irish parents, replaces neil francis, whose injury forced him to withdraw last week. In informal style it always comes later in the relative clause. Add to my workbooks 56 embed in my website or blog add to.
Relative clause exercise 1 2 advanced relative clause exercise 3 4 intermediate pdf exercises. Here you will find many relative clauses english grammar exercises at all levels so you can practice and improve your knowledge of relative clauses. In this kind of relative clause, we can use that instead of who or which. Relative clauses relative pronouns mixed relative pronouns 1 level. They contain within their structure an anaphoric element whose interpretation is determined by the antecedent. By combining sentences with a relative clause, your text becomes more fluent and you can avoid repeating certain words.
It has a subject and verb, but cant stand alone as a sentence. To know which dog we are talking about, we must have the information in the relative clause. That relative pronoun cannot be preceded by a preposition or a comma. A collection of english esl relative clauses powerpoints for home learning, online practice, distance learning and english classes to teach about. Defining relative clauses are not put in commas imagine, tom is in a room with five girls. A defining relative clause usually comes immediately after the noun it describes.
The ability to use relative clauses easily is important to all english learners, but perhaps even more important to those wanting to use english in their workplaces. In identifying relative clauses, either which or that can be used to. English esl relative clauses powerpoint presentations. Two minor types of adjectival clause are ing and ed clauses. Clauses english grammar today a reference to written and spoken english grammar and usage cambridge dictionary. The relative pronoun can be the subject or the object of the relative clause. Defining relative clauses also called identifying relative clauses or restrictive relative clauses give detailed information defining a general term or expression.
A nonrestrictive relative clause can be differentiated from restrictive relative clause easily because it uses commas at the beginning and end of the clause and a relative pronoun that is not used in nonrestrictive relative clause. English grammar relative clauses relative clauses introduction there are two types of relative clauses. There are two types of relative clauses, defining and nondefining. In the overt case the relative clause is marked by the presence of one of the relative words who, whom, whose.
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